Things Narcissistic Mothers Say to Manipulate People

Arsh
By Arsh
34 Min Read

Post Author

Welcome to a journey of understanding, a path that leads us through the complex and often hidden dynamics within families affected by narcissistic personality disorder. At the core of these complex dynamics are the manipulative tactics used by narcissistic mothers, which can leave deep emotional scars on their children and other family members.

Contents
Understanding Narcissistic Personality DisorderThe Impact on Family DynamicsWhy Recognizing Manipulative Tactics Is KeyCharacteristics of Narcissistic MothersTypical Traits and BehaviorsImpact on Children and Family MembersManipulative phrases examplesUnmasking Manipulative PhrasesAnalyzing Specific Phrases Used by Narcissistic MothersPsychological Impact on Recipients of These PhrasesReal-life Examples or Case StudiesChildren’s Psychological Effects10 Long-Term Psychological Effects on Children Raised by Narcissistic MothersStrategies for Coping and Healing from the Trauma of Manipulation and Emotional AbuseThings Narcissistic Mothers Say and What Effects They Have“What? I do everything for you, and this is how I get paid back?”“You’re too touchy.”“Why aren’t you like your sibling?”“I gave up everything for you.”“If you loved me, you would…”“You are overreacting; it was never that bad.”“I’m your parent, and I know what’s best for you.”“I never said/did that.”“You’re just like your father.”“You’ll never succeed.”“You’re indebted to me.”“I sacrificed so much for you.”“Oh, you exaggerate.”“I never wanted to have kids.”“Ungrateful brat.”“I never said or did such things.”“You’ll never do that.”“Pay up”“You’re overreacting.”“You’re so ungrateful.”Coping Strategies and SupportImportance of Seeking Professional Help and TherapyBuilding a Support Network and Finding Validation in Community ResourcesEmpowerment and Recovery From a Narcissistic MotherReclaiming Self-Worth and AutonomyBuilding ResilienceDeveloping Successful RelationshipsConclusion and Call-to-ActionSources

Understanding Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)1 is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others. Though this mask exudes excessive confidence; it hides a very weak self-esteem that very trivial things can shatter.

Individuals suffering from NPD have no qualms about manipulating or demeaning those around them in order to reinforce their feeling of superiority. Such situations have far-reaching implications on the whole family up front, including twisted communication, porous boundaries as well as emotional insecurity.

The Impact on Family Dynamics

In the presence of a narcissistic mother, the entire family setup becomes oriented towards favoring her desires above all else. Children may feel they must perform or conform to receive love and approval, leading to an imbalanced relationship where the child’s needs are secondary.

This dynamic can cause siblings to compete for affection or take on roles such as the ‘golden child’ or ‘scapegoat,’ affecting their development and relationships with each other. It is critical for those hoping to navigate out or recover from these types of relationships to recognize these patterns.

Why Recognizing Manipulative Tactics Is Key

Recognition of the manipulative phrases and tactics used by narcissistic mothers is a vital step towards empowerment and recovery for those affected. These tactics, often subtle and insidious, can control and diminish the recipient’s sense of self-worth and autonomy2.

narcissistic tendencies
narcissistic tendencies often result in manipulative behavior – via Pexels

By unveiling these manipulative strategies, we equip ourselves and others with the knowledge to identify and challenge the harmful patterns imposed upon them. This understanding is pivotal in breaking the cycle of manipulation and fostering healthier, more respectful family dynamics.

As we move forward in this blog post, keep in mind the traits and effects discussed here. They will provide a foundation for recognizing the specific manipulative phrases that will be analyzed in-depth, exploring their psychological impacts, and examining the strategies for coping and healing. Our goal is to offer support, validate experiences, and ultimately guide those affected towards empowerment and recovery.

Characteristics of Narcissistic Mothers

When we peel back the layers of family dynamics, the traits and behaviors of a narcissistic mother stand out as particularly influential. These mothers often exhibit a range of characteristics that can deeply affect their children and other family members. Let’s delve into the typical traits and behaviors of narcissistic mothers.

Typical Traits and Behaviors

Narcissistic mothers are known for their need for admiration and lack of empathy3. They may display arrogance, self-centeredness, and an insatiable appetite for attention. They tend to dominate conversations, twist facts to suit their narrative, and can be excessively critical or dismissive of others’ feelings.

This behavior is not born out of malice but stems from deep-seated insecurities and a fragile sense of self-worth. The paradox here is that while they seek admiration, their actions often push loved ones away.

Impact on Children and Family Members

These behaviors have an enormous impact on children and family members. By growing up in this kind of environment, a number of emotional problems may arise. Children may also develop an ambivalent attachment style characterized by a constant search for approval from the mother to feel valued.

Others become hyper-independent, keeping emotional distance in order to avoid any harm to themselves4. In most cases, these individuals are often forced to walk on eggshells for fear of the next outburst or critical remark that their mothers could make.

Manipulative phrases examples

Narcissistic mothers also know how to use manipulative phrases to control and influence their children, such as “I do everything for you, and this is your way of paying me back?”. This statement implies guilt and shows that love and care are based on transactions. Another common one is gaslighting phrases, whereby the child’s feelings and experiences are invalidated with statements like “You’re too sensitive.” These phrases might be subtle or overt, but they consistently attack the child’s sense of reality and self-worth.

Therefore, it is important to recognize these manipulative tactics as a step towards breaking this cycle of emotional abuse. As we proceed, we will examine how these sentences can be unpacked and challenged in order to heal and empower.

Unmasking Manipulative Phrases

So we pull back the curtains on manipulative tactics deployed by narcissistic mothers diving into specific weighty phrases’. These are not mere words but implements used to manipulate people.

Analyzing Specific Phrases Used by Narcissistic Mothers

Mother and daughter in a tense conversation at home.
via Pexels

A narcissistic mother’s weapons often include guilt-inducing statements such as “After all I’ve done for you” or comparisons like “Why can’t you just be more like your sibling?” These sayings aim to destroy an individual’s self-confidence while making them dependent.

Additionally, they tend to distort facts, thereby creating a storyline that suits the needs of the narcissist who wants to be in control and, at the same time, dismisses the child’s feelings. For example, saying “You’re too sensitive” makes one feel that what they are experiencing is not real or genuine.

Psychological Impact on Recipients of These Phrases

When such phrases are repeatedly spoken, the recipient may start doubting their own eyes and worth. Expressions like “You’ll never understand what I do for you” can result in chronic self-doubt. The continuous undermining has long-term psychological implications, such as anxiety, depression, as well as difficulties in forming healthy relationships. It is a form of narcissist gaslighting where the victims become mad at themselves.

Real-life Examples or Case Studies

For instance, there is Emma, who grew up hearing, “I sacrifice so much for you, and this is how you repay me?” Such a phrase filled with guilt made her feel she had a debt that could never be paid off, thus unable to stand alone. Also, Alex, whose mother would always tell him, “You don’t know how good you have it,” thereby causing him to suppress his feelings and disregard his needs because he felt like they were unjustifiable and selfish.

By recognizing these phrases and understanding their hidden agenda, we can take away their power and come back to who we really are. This is an essential step towards healing from narcissistic manipulation.

Children’s Psychological Effects

Awareness about the psychological wounds inflicted by narcissistic mothers does not only matter, but it is important for understanding and healing. Oftentimes, kids bear these unseen injuries from manipulative statements into adulthood. But what exactly are these lasting effects?

10 Long-Term Psychological Effects on Children Raised by Narcissistic Mothers

Children whose mothers are narcissistic often suffer future psychological harm due to continuous exposure to manipulative and emotionally neglectful actions. A family atmosphere where the emotional needs of children are ignored is created by a narcissistic mother who desires to sustain her self-image and demand admiration.

In this kind of situation, the child may face self-esteem problems because they feel that their worth depends on whether their mother approves them or not.

For example, manipulative tactics like guilt-tripping, gaslighting, and invalidation of feelings distort a child’s sense of reality and self-worth5. When they are compared with siblings or other children, they end up internalizing that they are never enough, which might carry on in adulthood, affecting their relationships and professional lives.

This might also lead to an anxious attachment style where one becomes over-dependent on others for validation or even develops emotional distance as a coping mechanism.

Moreover, narcissistic mothers’ lack of empathy and emotional warmth may contribute to feelings of being unloved and insecure in children. This absence of a nurturing bond is particularly damaging during formative years as it lays the foundation for future emotional and social development.

As such, children who had narcissistic mothers may have difficulties trusting others, forming healthy attachments and have an increased vulnerability to anxiety, depression as well as complex PTSD. These deep-rooted issues emphasize the need to acknowledge and address the consequences of narcissistic parent abuse for those affected.

1. Low self-esteem: growing up with a narcissistic mother who constantly belittles and criticizes can result in a daughter with profound feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth.

2. Perfectionism: The constant need for approval from a narcissistic mother might result in a fear of failure along with a perfectionistic orientation among its victims as they strive against unrealistic standards.

3. People-pleasing: Children of narcissistic mothers usually prioritize the needs of others over their own to avoid conflict or gain approval from their mother.

4. Difficulty setting boundaries: Children may experience difficulties in establishing healthy relationships due to problems with boundary setting, which might result in codependency or being taken advantage of, especially if they have a mother who does not empathize with them and trivializes whatever they feel.

5. Trust issues: Constant manipulation and gaslighting can make it hard for these children to trust themselves or even believe the intentions of others.

6. Emotion-lability: Growing up in an environment where feelings are dismissed, invalidated or not cared for can create trouble with managing and expressing emotions properly.

7. Fear of abandonment: Threats of abandonment or withdrawing love are often used by narcissistic mothers as an emotional blackmail or a means of control, thereby leaving their children with a deep fear of being abandoned or rejected.

8. Difficulty forming healthy relationships: Adult children with narcissistic mothers may have difficulty building true, mutual relationships due to these toxic dynamics.

9. Chronic guilt and shame: Manipulative phrases aimed at inducing guilt and shame tend to leave emotional scars that may last forever, resulting in a persistent sense of guilt or feeling unworthy.

10. Identity confusion: Narcissistic mothers often put their own insecurities onto their kids, thereby causing identity confusion and self-uncertainty.

Discussion of Emotional and Mental Health Challenges Faced by Individuals with Narcissistic Mothers

It can be quite challenging for one to mental and emotional upbringings that are characterized by a lot of emotions. They can suffer from depression, anxiety disorders, and sometimes complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD)6. This could make them have self-doubt and hamper their ability to regulate feelings, which in turn causes mood swings or emotional outbursts.

12 traits of a narcissist
Find out the 12 traits of a narcissist – via Pexels

Others also experience difficulty with being intimate and vulnerable since, in the past, opening up has been synonymous with manipulation or humiliation. About their mothers, they are always gaslighted, which leaves them feeling confused and insecure about what actually happened.

Strategies for Coping and Healing from the Trauma of Manipulation and Emotional Abuse

Recognition, as well as validation of abuse, is the beginning point of healing from trauma. It is important for individuals to know that their experiences were real and not their fault. One alternative approach is therapy, especially with clinicians who specialize in narcissism related to family dynamics. CBT7 helps change negative beliefs; DBT8 supports emotion regulation.

Additionally, establishing a support system is essential. Such networks may consist of friends who will be there when needed, online communities or support groups to share experiences with people who have been through such situations.

Thus, sometimes it becomes necessary to put boundaries on one’s own mother, who suffers from the condition, to protect one’s sanity. Sometimes, this might involve reduced contact or even cutting her off completely in extreme cases.

These practices include mindfulness, meditation and exercises too which are self-care acts. Such techniques anchor these persons into the present, thereby bringing about tranquillity as well as healthiness. Having interests besides family life means having a personal identity free from narcissistic parents.

Lastly, understanding what narcissism’s nature entails enables one to become free from its effects, hence breaking the chains of abuse that manifest themselves in successive generations. Knowledge empowers an individual, preventing manipulative strategies from being used on them in future relationships, whether friendship, love or at work.

Things Narcissistic Mothers Say and What Effects They Have

In the journey of understanding the complex world of narcissistic family dynamics, we’ve come to a critical juncture: recognizing the specific phrases that narcissistic mothers might use.

These phrases, often seen as innocuous or even caring, can serve as tools for manipulation and control. In delving into these phrases below, let us remember the psychological effects they have on their children.

“What? I do everything for you, and this is how I get paid back?”

This phrase creates a guilt trip and indebtedness, implying that children should repay mothers for basic acts of parenting that must be unconditional rather than transactional. Such guilt-tripping can result in feelings of obligation and low self-esteem in kids.

“You’re too touchy.”

Dismissing a child’s feelings invalidates their emotional experience. It teaches them to question their emotions and perceptions which makes it difficult for them to trust their judgment later on in life.

“Why aren’t you like your sibling?”

Comparisons foster sibling rivalry and feelings of inadequacy. Hearing this statement may hinder identity development in a child, making them hold long-term grudges against other siblings as well as themselves.

“I gave up everything for you.”

When a mother insists she sacrificed her life for her child, it creates an enormous burden of guilt. The child may feel responsible for their mother’s happiness, trapping them in a cycle of guilt trips trying to ‘make up’ for simply existing.

“If you loved me, you would…”

narcissistic mother
via Pexels

The conditional phrase associates love with compliance, thus suggesting that the child’s eligibility for love depends on whether or not they fulfil the demands made by their mom, thereby undermining the kid’s sense of unconditional familial love.

“You are overreacting; it was never that bad.”

Minimizing and gaslighting the child’s experiences invalidates their pain and emotions, denying them an opportunity to process and heal from the trauma they may have gone through.

“I’m your parent, and I know what’s best for you.”

This phrase disempowers the child and supports dependence on the mother when making decisions rather than their very own opinions, thoughts, desires, and needs.

“I never said/did that.”

Gaslighting is a manipulative tactic used by narcissists to distort reality and make the child question their own memory and perception. This can lead to confusion, self-doubt, and a loss of trust in their own experiences.

“You’re just like your father.”

Using a child’s resemblance to their other parent as an insult is emotionally damaging. It creates a sense of shame and guilt and a division within the family dynamic.

“You’ll never succeed.”

Constant criticisms and belittling erode a child’s self-esteem, leading to fear of failure. As such, one’s personal growth may be hindered, resulting in limited aspirations and achievements

“You’re indebted to me.”

thing narcissistic mothers say
Mother scolding her naughty daughter at home in the bedroom – via Depositphotos

Manipulating the child into feeling indebted to their mother for their upbringing creates a sense of obligation and subservience. It can be used as a tool for control and manipulation in future interactions.

“I sacrificed so much for you.”

Like the previous phrase, this instils guilt and obligates the child to repay their mother for her sacrifices. It burdens the child unfairly and perpetuates a cycle of indebtedness.

“Oh, you exaggerate.”

A child’s reality is not being taken seriously, and any negative reaction from a child is met with disapproval. Consequently, there is a high likelihood of avoiding an emotional life, having difficulty self-expression and lacking emotional awareness.

“I never wanted to have kids.”

This can be heartrending for a child since it is wrong and indicates that they are not meant to be born and they are merely a burden. It leads to feeling rejected and may result in a lifelong battle with low self-esteem.

“Ungrateful brat.”

This type of emotional manipulation makes the child feel ungrateful and unworthy. By doing so, one denies the right to ordeals from a person and gets into the role of exercising control over them.

“I never said or did such things.”

These words make the children question their perception and doubt the truthfulness of their own experiences. They can make the child lose confidence in what he/she remembers or perceives.

“You’ll never do that.”

The constant criticism bordering on belittlement can destroy self-confidence in children, thereby setting limits on their aspirations. It may frustrate personal development and discourage them from achieving their dreams.

“Pay up”

Making a kid feel that they owe their existence can condition them to always remain loyal and subservient, making it easier to manipulate them later on in life. This phrase serves as a control tool for future instances when we need something out of our own children. children

“You’re overreacting.”

Children’s emotions and reactions will be ignored if not suppressed. This may result in the individual’s difficulty in expressing emotions and lack of awareness about them.

“You’re so ungrateful.”

Guilt-tripping a child into feeling unappreciative and unworthy invalidates their concerns and grievances. It perpetuates a dynamic of control and power.

Parents and caregivers should always be aware of how words and actions would impact children’s development and low self-esteem.

Creating a conducive environment for a healthy parent-child relationship is achieved through promoting open communication, validating emotions, and encouraging a supportive atmosphere where there is emotional growth. Additionally, one may need professional assistance or guidance to address any underlying problems or obstacles that may cause such harmful behaviors or utterances.

To accomplish this, it is important to create an environment where children feel safe enough to share their feelings, which are validated by their presence while granting them autonomy at the same time.

On the face of it, these phrases might seem harmless; however, they often carry deep emotional meaning. These messages undermine a child’s sense of independence while creating an atmosphere where the mother does not put the needs or feelings of her child first.

This can lead children to develop conditional self-worth or deep feelings of inadequacy that can result in various mental health issues, as described in previous sections of this blog post.

In the process of healing and recovery, it is essential to understand why these phrases are harmful. People can recognize their narcissistic mothers’ manipulation patterns and also start undoing some negative beliefs instilled in them.

Those affected can tell the difference between authentic concern and manipulative strategies if they identify these problematic statements that will lead to sound relationships and better self-esteem in the future.

This also explains why coping mechanisms such as setting boundaries and finding therapy are necessary. It shows the importance of building support systems that validate individual experiences and challenge the negative messages received. This shall be further discussed in the subsequent sections, which will elaborate on how this works towards individuals regaining their autonomy and personal worth.

Coping Strategies and Support

Surviving a narcissistic mother means that you have to bear with her. It is tough, but one can erect boundaries and stop being manipulated through the right approach. Let us explore ten practical tips that make this feasible.

Counseling session for emotional well-being and relationship issues.
via Pexels
  1. Seek therapy: Professional counseling assists in understanding complex emotions experienced when dealing with a mom who has narcissism. They may also assist you in learning how to cope, set limits, or resolve any underlying problems there may be.
  2. Educate yourself: Learn about narcissistic personality disorder, as well as common tactics used by those suffering from this condition. Knowing about narcissistic abuse dynamics may help you spot manipulations or protect yourself from them.
  3. Set boundaries: Protect your emotional health by drawing clear lines with your mother regarding what she can do to your life. This may include limiting contact, minimizing interactions, or even setting communication rules, for instance, sticking to those restrictions consistently.
  4. Practice self-care: Do not ignore your own needs and well-being. Engage in activities that bring joy or peace, like meditation and relaxation therapies, and make time for introspection through journaling, among other self-care techniques.
  5. Surround yourself with support: Develop a network of friends, family or support groups who understand and validate your experiences. People who can offer an alternative view to the bad messages from your mother about you by believing in and supporting you are invaluable.
  6. Challenge negative beliefs: Recognize and challenge the negative beliefs instilled by your narcissistic mother. Remind yourself that you are worthy, lovable, and deserving of respect. Use positive affirmations and seek experiences that enhance self-worth.
  7. Practice assertiveness: Assertiveness is crucial in setting and enforcing boundaries. Without apology or guilt for defending oneself when expressing needs or concerns, calmly assertive practice can be exercised.
  8. Develop a support plan: Come up with a mechanism for handling meetings with your mother. This includes having a friend or relative present at such times, using relaxing techniques before meeting her, or preparing in advance some difficult conversation scripts.
  1. Practice self-compassion: Be kind to yourself throughout this process. Remember, it takes time and effort to heal from narcissistic abuse, so be patient as one walks the path to recovery.
  2. Consider going no-contact: Sometimes, cutting off contact with your narcissistic mother is inevitable for your own good. The decision should be made after careful consideration and with the support of a therapist or trusted individuals in your life. Remember that your mental health is more important than anything else.

Remember that each person’s journey to healing is unique, and it is essential to find the most effective coping mechanisms for oneself. Seek professional help if you have to, and don’t hesitate to change your approach when necessary9.

However, self-help strategies are pivotal in the recovery process. Therapy provides a safe space where you can talk about feelings and experiences as well as learn how to cope with them personally. Seeking professional help doesn’t mean that one is a weakling, but it signifies taking charge of one’s life for healing, growing, and moving forward.

Importance of Seeking Professional Help and Therapy

The therapist who specializes in dealing with narcissistic abuse will be able to demystify the complex tactics employed by narcissists, thus providing clarity and validation.

Such therapists teach individuals tools for regaining self-esteem, identifying gaslighting, and acquiring healthy communication skills. Also, therapy serves as a guidepost, ensuring the trajectory of recovery does not turn away from progressing into the narcissistic trap.

However, therapy represents just one element of a support network required to overcome the effects of having a narcissistic mother. Community resources provide a broader sense of belonging and understanding.

Building a Support Network and Finding Validation in Community Resources

Community support groups, both online and offline, create bonds among victims, making them feel less lonely by sharing their stories about narcissistic abuse. Associating with others who have experienced similar challenges will assure you that you are not alone at all costs. Communities can also provide insights on coping mechanisms that have helped some people before, which may work for you, too.

Similarly, personal knowledge can be supplemented through contacting hotlines, participating in workshops or obtaining relevant literature helping people achieve control over their journey towards recovery from narcissism. These resources should foster an atmosphere conducive to learning within a mutual support system, and they are priceless during healing after experiencing narcissistic abuse.

In conclusion, remember that setting boundaries is crucial when dealing with your narcissistic mother; however, seeking out and accepting support is just as important.

In addition, professional therapy, community resources, or both strengths in numbers and shared experiences are all valid avenues. You should live your life without manipulation, where you prioritize your emotional well-being and your autonomy is valued.

Empowerment and Recovery From a Narcissistic Mother

The aftermath of narcissistic motherhood can be likened to the start of a new life. It is about rediscovering oneself and staying strong by being independent. How does one turn over the leaf and commence this undertaking? This journey begins with self-worth, that quintessence in us that steers us toward our true north.

Reclaiming Self-Worth and Autonomy

Self-worth goes beyond liking yourself; it means recognizing that one’s individual value extends beyond what others think or do about you. For those who have lived under their narcissistic mothers’ shadow, recovering this self-worth is crucial. Start by admitting your strengths even if they appear insignificant.

Acknowledge the resilience that brought you this far, and establish personal objectives which are consistent with one’s values and aspirations rather than trying to meet another person’s expectations. Trusting yourself enough to make decisions that serve your own best interests rather than seeking approval from others will help you build autonomy.

Building Resilience

Resilience goes beyond just bouncing back; it means growing stronger through the challenges. Start by developing a positive attitude to encourage resilience. This might mean being grateful, engaging in activities that make you feel accomplished, or giving yourself time for joy. Reach out for support, whether from friends, support groups or mental health professionals, as they can provide the tools and perspective needed during recovery. Additionally, understand how to set your boundaries and respect them. The word “no” is empowering because others will learn to treat you with the respect you deserve.

Developing Successful Relationships

Check in on your strong friends
Why you should contact your strong friends – via Pexels

Healthy relationships are founded on respectfulness, trustworthiness and communication. When manipulation has been experienced, it’s important to re-learn what a healthy relationship looks like. Thinking about all relationships in your life, do you feel any that are reciprocal and supportive?

In case it feels draining or one-sided, it may not be good for you to be in such a relationship. Don’t forget that communication is key; voice out your needs and listen actively to others. Remember that you deserve relationships that add value to your life rather than subtract from your self-esteem.

Healing isn’t linear, and there may be setbacks along the way. However, every step taken forward showcases how strong and determined you are as an individual. By focusing on self-worthiness, resiliency, and positive relations, one can construct a life that mirrors one’s true self instead of living under someone else’s personality disorder shadow.

Conclusion and Call-to-Action

Seeking professional help is crucial if these patterns appear within your own life or those of people around you because therapists and counselors who have been trained in dealing with these narcissistic traits and behaviors can offer guidance based on your situation.

Awareness is a lighthouse piercing through the fog of manipulation. By raising awareness, we bring covert dynamics to light so that others can recognize them and address them accordingly.

Sources

  1. Salman Akhtar, M. D., and J. Anderson Thomson Jr. “Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder.” Am J Psychiatry 139.1 (1982): 12-20. ↩︎
  2. Winner, Nathan A., and Bonnie C. Nicholson. “Overparenting and narcissism in young adults: The mediating role of psychological control.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 27.11 (2018): 3650-3657. ↩︎
  3. Ritter, Kathrin, et al. “Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder.” Psychiatry research 187.1-2 (2011): 241-247. ↩︎
  4. Day, Nicholas JS. “The impact of narcissistic personality disorder on others: A study of romantic partners and family members.” (2021). ↩︎
  5. Hart, William, Gregory K. Tortoriello, and Kyle Richardson. “Narcissists’ perceptions of narcissistic behavior.” Handbook of trait narcissism: Key advances, research methods, and controversies (2018): 283-290. ↩︎
  6. Maercker, Andreas, et al. “Complex post-traumatic stress disorder.” The lancet 400.10345 (2022): 60-72. ↩︎
  7. Hayes, Steven C., and Stefan G. Hofmann, eds. Process-based CBT: The science and core clinical competencies of cognitive behavioral therapy. New Harbinger Publications, 2018. ↩︎
  8. Panos, Patrick T., et al. “Meta-analysis and systematic review assessing the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).” Research on Social Work Practice 24.2 (2014): 213-223. ↩︎
  9. Fernie, Bruce A., Agoston Fung, and Ana V. Nikčević. “Different coping strategies amongst individuals with grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic traits.” Journal of affective disorders 205 (2016): 301-305. ↩︎

Last Updated on by sparsh5ehgal

Stay Connected

Share This Article
By Arsh
22, Calcutta. Bachelor of Arts in Sociology. Living life one day at a time and writing about it. When I'm not, you can find me at the gym.
Leave a comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *